Since April 1, the nano calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, nano nickel powders and nano-materials, nano materials, terminology and the two methods of testing the seven national standards for nano-materials to be implemented. For some time, no smoke and mirrors from the nano-products, nanotechnology can not be lightly hanging signs, such as nano-materials is no longer difficult to distinguish between true and false reports on the topic of frequent, one can see people on the nano look forward to the implementation of standards.
Standards are given to judge true "nano" and pseudo "nano" basis. This article focuses on seven criteria in the interpretation of four product standards. Interpretation of the content standards are mainly four categories roughly corresponding to product, and the current main problems in nano-products, and strive to give readers a clear understanding.
Products corresponding to the four standard multiple industries
Nano calcium carbonate of the most mature industry, plastic industry, mainly used in high-grade plastic products
Nano calcium carbonate, also known as ultra-fine calcium carbonate, the standard name that is ultra-fine calcium carbonate. Application of Nano-Calcium Carbonate is the most mature industry, plastics industry, mainly used in high-grade plastic products. For automotive interior sealed plasticized PVC sol, can improve the rheology of plastic master batch, to improve its formability. Used as a plastic filler with Toughening, and improve plastic's bending strength and modulus, heat distortion temperature and dimensional stability, while also giving plastic lag heat.
Nano calcium carbonate for printing ink products reflects the excellent dispersion and transparency and excellent gloss, and excellent ink absorption and high dryness. Nano calcium carbonate in the resin-based ink for ink filling, good stability, high gloss, does not affect the drying properties of printing inks, adaptable and so on.
Paper industry is the development of nano calcium carbonate the most potential market. At present, nano calcium carbonate is also used special paper products, such as women with a sanitary napkin, baby diapers and so on. Nano calcium carbonate as a filler has the following advantages: high opacity, high brightness, can increase the whiteness of paper products and opacity; high expansion, make use of more filler paper mills sharply reduced cost of raw materials; size small, uniform, more uniform products, flat; oil absorption value is high, can increase the color fastness of color paper.
Nano calcium carbonate fillers in the coatings industry as a pigment, a delicate, uniform, high whiteness, and good optical properties. Nano-fine calcium carbonate with the steric effect, in the paint, the larger the density formula can lithopone suspension, from the anti-settlement effect. Paint The paint white increases, high gloss, and opacity is not reduced, mainly for high-end car paint.
Nano calcium carbonate rubber industry is one of the major application markets. Nano calcium carbonate for rubber, the vulcanized rubber elongation, tear resistance, compression deformation and resistance to flexion disturbance performance, high calcium carbonate than the general added. Resin acid treatment by adding nano calcium carbonate, some tear strength of rubber products increased by 4 times.
Nano calcium carbonate in the feed industry as calcium supplements, increase the feed calcium; used in cosmetics, because of its high purity, good whiteness, fine particle size, can replace titanium dioxide.
Zinc oxide is essential for rubber and tire industry additives, also used as natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex vulcanization active agents and reinforcing agents and coloring agents
Zinc oxide is essential for rubber and tire industry additives, also used as natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex vulcanization active agents and reinforcing agents and coloring agents. Zinc oxide for rubber vulcanization accelerator can give full play to the role, to improve the performance of rubber, the amount of ordinary zinc oxide only 30% to 50%.
In the chemical industry, zinc oxide is widely used as a catalyst, desulfurization agent, such as synthetic methanol as the catalyst, when ammonia desulfurization agent; the surface of zinc oxide catalysts with high activity can increase the choice of properties and catalytic efficiency, with a wide range of potential applications.
In the paint industry, zinc oxide in addition to color strength and hiding power with the outside, but also a light coating of preservative and agents; In addition, the zinc oxide excellent ultraviolet shielding capability to the paint and other anti-aging has a more prominent characteristics.
In the medical and health and food industries, zinc oxide has a Sida, bleeding, myogenic convergence of functions, but also raw material for plaster, but also has helped promote the intellectual development of children; zinc oxide for the food needs of the health sector is gradually expanded, but the product requirements are more stringent, especially harmful heavy metal elements.
In the glass industry, zinc oxide in glass used in special; in ceramic industry, zinc oxide used as a flux; in printing and dyeing industry, zinc oxide used as a resist agent; zinc oxide as fine particles, high activity, can reduce the sintering temperature of glass and ceramics, in addition to use of zinc oxide ceramic glaze is more clean preparation, but also has anti-bacterial, anti-enzyme, deodorant and other effects.
In the electronics industry, zinc oxide varistor is the main raw material is magnetic, optical materials such as the main additive. Prepared using zinc oxide varistor, not only has a lower sintering temperature, but also improve the performance of pressure-sensitive resistor, such as the flux, the nonlinear coefficient. Zinc oxide in the application of optical devices will be with the optical properties of ZnO-depth study of a more significant breakthrough will be achieved.
Titanium dioxide has a very valuable optical properties, in the automotive industry and many areas show good prospects for development.
Titanium dioxide has a very valuable optical properties, in the automotive industry and many areas show good prospects for development, is a small amount, but the ultra high value-added fine chemical raw materials. Titanium dioxide also has a high chemical stability, thermal stability, non-toxic, non-migratory, and can contact with food.
Titanium dioxide because of its excellent UV shielding effect, transparency and non-toxic characteristics, making it the production of sunscreen class skin care products, food packaging, agricultural plastic films, natural and man-made fibers such as the ideal material. Its most important and most promising use is for automotive painting industry effect pigments, titanium dioxide added to the car with a metal flash finish, the coating can produce color rich and mysterious effect, well car preference for color experts, after the first use from 1987 to 1991 in the world have 11 kinds of metal containing titanium dioxide flash cars finish is applied. Currently, only China's annual output to more than 1.98 million cars, so the metal containing titanium dioxide flash car finishes will be of great demand. In addition, nano-titanium dioxide also be used as ink colorants resin, silicone rubber reinforcing agent, solid lubricant additives. Titanium dioxide is also widely used as a photosensitive catalyst, adsorbent.
Titanium dioxide in the environmental governance also has a wide application, mainly used in the decomposition of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere vivid by, in addition to ozone, sterilization and surface self-cleaning and so on.
Nano-nickel powder with military applications and civilian use
Nano-nickel powder with military applications and civilian use. Mainly in the computer industry for civilian aspects. The ultrafine nickel powder metal and glass powder dispersed in organic solvents made of conductive rubber, conductive adhesive to such screen printing by printing to the ceramic substrate, the conductive adhesive as a conductor between the circuit elements, with Nano-nickel powder to much cheaper than many other materials.
Nano nickel powder sintered into porous and light in the sponge, as an electrode, mulching in the cavernous internal metal oxide as insulating layer, and filling Tim conductive metal as another electrode, using large surface area made of nano-materials super capacitor. By the same token, nano nickel powders can also be used in fuel cells, but has not yet made to a diameter of 100nm nickel powder as raw materials the following products reported, it is certain that this is a very bright future.
Nano-nickel powder in the sintering also has application only in higher costs. Can also be used in atomic energy industry, electronics industry, fermentation and medical industries, and can serve as metal, glass, ceramics, welding materials. The nano-nickel powder and copper powder mixed into the liquid in the fiber, silk 0.1mm ejected by the textile can be used as insulating cold zone service, which already has a certain amount of application. In other areas, nano nickel powder can be used in cathode ray tube getter, paints and coatings, diamond cutting tools, matrix powder, magnetic materials, electronic components, aspects and so on.
"Four to avoid the" see the implementation of
China has a lot of nano-powder production line has been the world leader in the market is huge, industrial prospects. However, there have been nm flying chaos. Standards will soon be implemented, the leading industrial and standardize the market order of effectiveness, depending on whether we can achieve the following objectives:
First, to avoid the concept of speculation. People's understanding of nanotechnology products to nano-standards to be unified. What is a nanometer scale, nano materials, nano technology and nano-fibers, nano-thin films, etc., has made clear in the terminology standard. Such as nano-scale, standards, before release two versions, 0.1nm ~ 100 nm or 1nm ~ 100 nm, using the latter standard. So clearly expressed in terms to say there are 66 standards. After the authority of department, is the standard material, or else the words can not be dubbed Nano.
Second, to avoid incorrect selection and mix. Hybrid nano-products in the past grades, class cross unclear. Standards specify the different types of products and brands that way, while some standards have clearly defined categories. If the standard zinc oxide product will be divided into three categories, the primary purpose of different types, different users and buyers can choose to use as needed to achieve the best use.
Third, to avoid the performance evaluation scale is not uniform. The survey found that different methods of production or production methods are the same product, its performance is inconsistent, not consistent. Standards defined, in any way, but the performance indicators are uniform requirements. For example, nano-nickel carbonyl can be used, hydrothermal hydrogen reduction method, plasma method, electrical explosion method, a total of 5 ways to produce precipitation, but the performance requirements to achieve the required uniform.
Fourth, to avoid the detection of inconsistencies. Standard on the corresponding technical indicators are provided for the corresponding test methods, procedures, and inspection rules. This avoids inconsistent testing methods used by the parties, and the results are not comparable situations. Only a standardized measurement methods, the result is the science and credible in order to reflect the real properties of nano-products.
Of course, both guiding industry or regulate the market, the existing standards were not enough, suggested that the increased intensity of nanotechnology standards, introduction of more nano-materials standards to the early formation of our standard system of nano-materials technology. As for the production of access systems market in the certification system and other measures, the authorities concerned should also be considered as soon as possible. We've got the standard opportunities, if the loss of markets and industrialization opportunities, it is not on their own, the state and the future generations accountable for.
Background
Standard is a solid scientific basis behind
Nano refrigerator, washing machine nano, nano silk, as well as nano-water nano-oil ... ... in recent years, also did not want to find a "nano" to catch the industry's products, I am afraid is not an easy task. Pseudo "nano" overwhelming, but "nano" is real. Seven national standards and related nano-materials experts of various information is given to distinguish the authenticity of the "nano" basis.
Standard authors, Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute Youruo Liu, director of physical and chemical standards introduced during the standard-setting research obtained information on various types of nano-materials: 1999, developed nano calcium carbonate consumption is about 400,000 tons, 2005 reached 700,000 tons. In 2005, China nano calcium carbonate in the consumption of plastic products in up to 5 million tons of high quality ink products in the consumption will reach 10,000 tons, the consumption of sanitary napkins in the field will reach 10,000 tons, car paint required for Nano About 8,000 tons of calcium carbonate, rubber reinforcing agent market, consumption will reach 5,000 tons, the total demand of 8 million tons. In 2001, domestic production of zinc oxide materials, the scale of 4,000 tons, brewing since then many manufacturers set up production lines. After two years, manufacturers and production have dramatically increased the scale of production in 2005 will reach 10,000 tons. At present, China except Taiwan, the application of nano-nickel product made little real world of nano nickel powders maximum annual production capacity of 2,500 tons from 2000. Titanium dioxide for the first time since 1987, after 1991 there are 11 species of the world's titanium dioxide nano-metal flash cars finish is applied. My car only finish one pair of metal containing titanium dioxide there is great demand for flash finish.
Liu Youruo said seven nanomaterial standards is the first release of nanomaterials national standards, standard drafting process of the research is very solid. As an aspect of setting standards based on these data should be credible.
Nano materials will change the standard issued disorderly market
National standardization of nano-materials team leader, vice president of Metallurgical Industry Information Standard Li-Min Wang of "nano" products into the commercial hype attributed to three conditions.
First, some products on the market is not nano-products, but theft nm "signs" to deceive consumers. Recent media coverage not only of hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's, a dozen diseases, skin allergies and other significant effects of the "nano water" comes as such.
Second, some "nano-products" is not truly "nano products." They only certain materials in the manufacture of products using the nano-materials, for example, nano-electric only at the door PVC board using nano-antibacterial coatings, this situation can be dubbed nano-electronics, need to be open to question.
Third, some applications of nano-materials, product manufacturers, is also facing "the concept of speculation", "pseudo-nano" and so many doubts and criticisms. This is due to nano-technology and high-tech features of the product, consumers can not identify with the naked eye, and general methods of its authenticity, even experts, do not have specialized equipment is also difficult to distinguish the authenticity. For example, some textile products and anti-static flame retardant function.
Wang Limin proposal, changing particle materials market state of disorder and chaos in an effective way yes, using standard terminology to explain the nanometer Gainian, to prevent speculation, with a unified approach to evaluation of inspection and Ping Jia possess nanometer Chiduoyiji special performance and function; on nanotechnology products labeled trademark of the study; for some products due to the use of nano materials, raw materials added, performance has improved but not belonging to nano-products, can emphasize the unique properties and functions; into the market of nano- products, subject to the authority of department certification.
Knowledge
"Nano" is what
"Nano" is the Chinese translation of the English nanometer is a length unit of measurement. As is usually 1 m 1m that a nanometer is usually expressed as 1nm, 1nm equivalent to 10-9m.
In 1959, the famous American physicist, Nobel laureate Richard Feynman first proposed by the human will arrange an idea of atoms and molecules, predicted the emergence of nanotechnology. But first the "nano" materials named originated in the 20th century, 80s.
According to reports, the early 90s of the 20th century, Chinese scientists Xie Si-Shen, who realized the directional growth of carbon nanotubes, have been successfully synthesized the world's longest carbon nanotubes. Mid-90s, prepared by the Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences "inner core" for the tantalum carbide nano-cable, which is human-made invisible micro devices and micro-robots have an important role. In 1997, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Vacuum Physics Laboratory in nano-electronics super-store of confidential information was a breakthrough in access to information stored in the point lattice results of 1.3nm in diameter than the outside diameter of the smallest storage point smaller 10nm nearly an order of magnitude. China has a lot of nano-powder production line, a world leader in production capacity, annual output of more than 20 tons more than in the world, is also limited, in many of these products have independent intellectual property rights in China.
Seven national standards nanomaterials
7 standards are recommended national standards, including a terminology standard, the two detection criteria and four product standards, namely:
"Nanomaterials term" (GB/T19619-2004)
"Determination of particle size distribution nanoparticles X-ray small angle scattering" (GB/T13221-2004)
"Determination of gas adsorption BET surface area of solid material" (GB/T19587-2004)
"Nano-nickel powder" (GB/T19588-2004)
"Zinc oxide" (GB/T19589-2004)
"Ultra-fine calcium carbonate" (GB/T19590-2004)
"Titanium dioxide" (GB/T19591-2004)
|
